Three Hours Fire Prevention Using Flammadur Tested Firestop Systems

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=90 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="050285a1erlcgo.gif"> <div> <B>     </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#CC9900" FACE="Arial" ><B>FPT, Inc.</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000CC" FACE="Arial" ><B>  </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B>                   </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>Three Hours Fire Prevention Using Flammadur Tested Firestop Systems </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>  </B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <div> <B> </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B>   </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#CC9900" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Fire Protection Technologies, Inc. "><U><B>Home</B></U></A><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#CC9900" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>            </B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B>Copyright © 2008 Fire Protection Technologies, Inc.  All rights reserved</B></FONT><B>                                                                                                                  </B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" WIDTH="14"><B>  </B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" WIDTH="14"><B>  </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>FPT, Inc.    </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFCC66" FACE="Arial" ><B>Three Hours Fire Prevention Using Flammadur Tested Firestop Systems</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>Copyright© Fire Protection Technologies, Inc. 2004. All Rights Reserved    </B></div> <div> <B> </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Fire Protection Technologies, Inc. "><U><B>Home</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=10 BGCOLOR="#FFCC66" TEXT="#080000" background="026d4c00dkelyh.gif"> <div>  </div> </td> <td valign="top" height=390 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div>                          </div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>THREE HOURS FIRE PREVENTION USING FLAMMADUR TESTED FIRESTOP SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND OTHER HIGH SECURITY BUILDINGS</B></div> <bR> <div> Dr. Adolf R. Hochstim, Technical Director</div> <div> Fire Protection Technologies, Inc.                                 August 24, 2004</div> <div>  </div> <div> <B>Flammadur</B><B>®</B><B> E473 </B>was developed by a division of German General Electric (AEG) over 30 years ago and is now manufactured by AIK Flammadur Brandschutz, GmbH in Germany.  Fire Protection Technologies Inc (FPT) has an exclusive distribution license throughout the world for Flammadur materials in Nuclear Power Plants.<B>Systems with Flammadur</B><B>®</B><B> E473 in penetrations have been used in nuclear power plants in Germany, Belgium and Finland for over 25 years without any problems.</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <I> Fire (F) Ratings </I></div> <div> <I>     [In International Standard (ISO): I(Integrity)Rating]</I></div> <bR> <div> <I>The concrete walls and floors of nuclear power plants (NPP) and other high security buildings inhibit the spread of fire from one area to another by serving as “fire rated barriers”, normally with a fire rating of 3 hours.   If an opening is made in such a barrier to facilitate any passage of penetrants (metallic pipes, cables, metallic conduits with cables inside, cable trays with cables, etc.), then these openings must be sealed around the penetrants using fire tested and approved firestop systems with a fire rating of 3 hours (F=3 hours), thereby, ensuring, that in case of fire, these sealed openings will not pass fire, smoke, and toxic fumes for at least 3 hours.  </I></div> <bR> <div> <I>This 3 hour window allows firemen the time needed to reach the area on fire and to extinguish it.  A second team of firemen should check on all adjacent areas having penetrations in common walls, floors or ceilings (fire barriers) with the area on fire.</I></div> <bR> <div> In the USA, the building codes require fire tests to be performed according to the specifications of the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), ASTM Standard E 814-02, entitled “Fire Tests of Through-Penetrations Firestops” which were incorporated in testing by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc under ANSI/UL 1479 and by other testing laboratories. ASTME Standard E814, entitled “Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops” (incorporated in ANSI/UL 1479 as NFPA 251, ANSI/UL Standard 263. These standards, similar to the International Standard (ISO), specify the oven's temperature as a function of time, which are within maximum 60oC difference from ISO`s temperatures.. </div> <bR> <div> <B>Hose Stream Test [Not required in ISO Standards and in  DIN]</B></div> <bR> <div> In addition, penetration firestop seals must also pass a short duration high pressure water hose stream test to simulate conditions occurring when firemen extinguish a fire by spraying water on walls and floors and to test the integrity of firestop seal.  This test is necessary to prove that the penetration firestop seals are not displaced and thus do not pass smoke, fumes and water to the off-fire side.</div> <bR> <div> <B>All Flammadur firestop systems using cementitious Flammadur</B><B>®</B><B>  E473 passed such fire and hose stream  tests at Underwriters Laboratories (UL ) in the USA with F=3 hour ratings, and are also approved by UL</B><B>®</B><B> in Canada.   Most of these tests were witnessed by Factory Mutual Insurance Corporation (FM Global) and received or are in the process of receiving their written approvals. </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Time-Temperature (T) Rating </B></div> <div> <B>   [in International Standards (ISO): R(resistance) rating]</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>In addition to F rating of penetration seal systems, the temperature (T) -time rating is important and, in some cases, may impose more severe time constraints for NPP designers and firemen than the F rating. </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>After the fire test, the T rating is determined by the testing authorities. It specifies in hours the time that the temperature on the unexposed surface of the wall or floor assembly (“fire barrier”) in the test does not exceed 325</B><B>o</B><B>F (162</B><B>o</B><B>C) above ambient temperature. This temperature limit on the off-fire side of the  wall corresponds to the ignition temperature of cable insulation and the combustion temperature of materials which could have been left in contact with hot pipes, ducts, etc.</B></div> <bR> <div> Insulation and jackets are available with cables qualified according to tests on vertical tray gas burner, as specified by IEEE 383. In fire tests in furnaces those cables ignite from a few minutes to 3 hours, and have no effect on T ratings, which depends on amount of firestop seal, type of cable with cable insulation and an additional heat absorbing cable coating on off-fire side.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Selected Flammadur firestop systems were tested at UL</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>®</B></FONT><B> with F=3 and T=3 hours ratings</B>.  <B>The T=3 hours ratings combined with F=3 hour ratings yields the most secure fire protection systems.</B><I> </I></div> <bR> <div> <I>Firemen will have up to 3 hours to get to the area on fire, and for extra safety, the second team of firefighters will have up to 3 hours to reach areas adjacent to the fire on  the other side of fire barrier.</I></div> <bR> <div> Please see Tables A and B below for results of tests for various cables (power/ control, power, data, fiber optical) passing through concrete fire barriers. </div> <bR> <div> Higher T ratings were obtained for the same cable, when the cable tray was absent.</div> <div> This is in confirmation with common installation procedure used in NPP, <U>when cable tray stops before fire barrier and begins on the other side, with cables passing through firestop</U></div> <div> <U>(Flammadur E473) inside the barrier</U>. This method avoids inserting heat inside fire barrier through metallic cable tray.  This is of special benefit to the power and control cables.</div> <bR> <div> Metallic pipes, ducts, or busways with various seals are normally rated at T = 0.  This is worrisome because with a fire on one side of the wall, the off-fire side becomes very hot in a short time, and therefore, combustible materials inadvertently left nearby could ignite and cables on the other side of the wall or floor can and, most likely, will ignite within minutes.  <B>The best way to prevent such secondary fires is to insulate the metallic penetrants at least inside the fire barrier and seal with Flammadur E473 to provide a T rating of 3 hours</B> (see Table C). Insulation consisting of only mineral wool or ceramic fibers is sufficient in this case. This method has the additional advantage of permitting, in a simple way, the movement of large pipes. </div> <bR> <div> If systems have T = 1 hour only, the second team of firemen have one hour to reach and extinguish any fire on the off-fire side. A fire protection scheme that depends on a second team of firemen reaching in parallel an area with uncoated cables having a low T rating may be complicated because it requires:</div> <bR> <div> <I>rapidly determining the location of one or as many as six (6) adjacent  areas with common fire barriers to the area on fire, </I></div> <div> <I>establishing which of these adjacent areas have penetrating cables, pipes, ducts, etc. (Development of a pre-determined list of all potential fire areas and their adjacent vulnerable areas may be prudent to do), and</I></div> <div> <I>directing in parallel the second fire fighting team to these crucial areas.</I></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Table A</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>® </B></FONT><B>E473 Systems for Fireproofing</B></div> <div> <B>Cables in Concrete Barrier</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Systems with F=3 hours, and T=3 hours</B></div> <div>               </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 41 WIDTH="290"><div> <B>CABLES </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>Cable Jacket</B></div> <div> <B>     Type</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>UL System </B></div> <div> <B>      No.</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div> <B>   F</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>+</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <div> <B>hours</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>  T</B></FONT><B>+ </B><B>+</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <div> <B>hours</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 56 ><NOBR><div> Max. No.2 AWG multi-conductor </div> <div> <B>power and control cable</B>;  </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> XLPE insulation </div> <div> with PVC</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id124.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CBJ3008"><U>CBJ 3008</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 57 WIDTH="290"><div> Max. No.2 AWG multiple-conductor <B>power and control cable</B>;  </div> <div> IN CABLE TRAY</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> XLPE insulation </div> <div> with PVC </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id126.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CBJ4010"><U>CBJ 4010</U></A> </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 39 WIDTH="290"><div> Max. 7 pair No.12 AWG multi-conductor <B>power and control cable</B>  </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> XLPE insulation</div> <div>  with PVC </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id125.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CBJ3009"><U>CBJ 3009</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 75 WIDTH="290"><div> Max.7/C No.12 AWG copper </div> <div> conductor <B>power and control cables</B> <B> </B>IN CABLE TRAY with </div> <div> EXTERNAL RETROFIT</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> XLPE insulation </div> <div> with PVC </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id121.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ4068"><U>CAJ 4068</U></A>**</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   3 </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 57 ><NOBR><div> Max.No. 16 AWG shielded twisted </div> <div> pair copper conductor </div> <div> <B>instrumentation</B> <B>cables</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div>  XLPE insulation</div> <div>  with PVC</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id384.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ3046"><U>CAJ 3046</U></A>*</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 39 WIDTH="290"><div> Max.2 pair No.16 AWG </div> <div> shielded <B>data cable </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="118"><bR> <div> Teflon </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id111.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ3028"><U>CAJ 3028</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   4</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   4</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 39 ><NOBR><div> Max. 300 kcmil single copper </div> <div> conductor  <B>power cable</B>  </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> XLPE insulation </div> <div> with PVC </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id124.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CBJ3008"><U>CBJ 3008</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 39 WIDTH="290"><div> Multiple <B>fiber optical </B></div> <div> <B>communication cable</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="118"><div>  PVC </div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id384.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ3046"><U>CAJ 3046</U></A>*</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="647" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 38 ><NOBR><div> <B>Steel Insulated Conduit</B></div> <div> Minimum diameter 6.625 inch (168mm)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="118"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="118" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id179.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ5202"><U>CAJ 5202</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="59"><div>   3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>           </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B> +</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT> <B>in ISO: I (integrity),</B>   <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>++</B></FONT><B> in ISO: R (resistance)</B></div> <div> * Factory Mutual Design No. 122,           </div> <div> ** Factory Mutual Design No. 441 (3 hrs)</div> <div> (XLPE =cross-linked polyethylene, PE=polyethylene, and PVC=polyvinyl chloride)</div> <bR> <div> <B>Table B</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>®</B></FONT><B> E473 Systems for Fireproofing Cables</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>F=3 hours, T=1 and T=1.5 hours</B></div> <div>                       </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="643" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 41 WIDTH="341"><div> <B>CABLES</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>UL System No.</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div> <B>   F</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>+</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>hours</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>  T</B></FONT><B>+</B><B>+</B></div> <div> <B>hours</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="643" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 39 ><NOBR><div> Max. 7 pair No.12 AWG multiple copper </div> <div> Conductor <B>power and control cable</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="154"><div> <A HREF="id384.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ3046"><U>CAJ 3046</U></A></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div>    1**</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="643" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 39 WIDTH="341"><div> Max. 2 pair No. 16 AWG <B>instrumentation data</B> <B>Cable</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="154"><div> <A HREF="id384.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ3046"><U>CAJ 3046</U></A></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div>       3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="643" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 39 ><NOBR><div> Max. 300 kcmil single copper conductor</div> <div> <B>power cable     </B>IN CABLE TRAY</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="154"><div> <A HREF="id126.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CBJ4010"><U>CBJ 4010</U></A></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div>  1.5**</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="643" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 56 ><NOBR><div> Max. 350 kcmil single copper conductor</div> <div> <B>power cable  </B>IN CABLE TRAY with </div> <div> EXTERNAL RETROFIT*</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="154"><div> <A HREF="id121.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ4068"><U>CAJ 4068</U></A></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="58"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div>    1</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="642" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 38 ><NOBR><div> <B>Steel Conduit</B></div> <div> Minimum diameter 6.625 inch (168mm)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="156"><div> <A HREF="id370.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1082"><U>CAJ 1082</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id376.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1412"><U>CAJ 1412</U></A></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="56"><div>   3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="66"><div>   0.5</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>+ </B></FONT> <B>in ISO: I (integrity),</B>   <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>++</B></FONT><B> in ISO: R (resistance)</B></div> <div> * Factory Mutual Design System No. 441(3 hrs),</div> <div> **T=3(in Table A) with more depth of E473</div> <bR> <div> <B>Table C</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>® </B></FONT><B>E473 Systems for Fireproofing Metallic Pipes</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>F=3 hours, T=0.75, 1, 2 and 3 hours</B></div> <div>            </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 76 ><NOBR><div> <B>PIPES                              </B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> <B>Maximum </B></div> <div> <B>Outside</B></div> <div> <B>Diameter inch(mm)</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>UL System No.</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>  F</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FF0000" FACE="Arial" ><B>+</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>hours</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>  T</B></FONT><B>+</B><B>+</B></div> <div> <B>hours</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="244"><div> Insulated steel pipe</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 20(508)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id123.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ5201"><U>CAJ 5201</U></A>*</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 2</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="244"><div> Insulated steel pipe</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 6.625(168)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <A HREF="id122.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ5200"><U>CAJ 5200</U></A>*,<A HREF="id179.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ5202"><U>5202</U></A>*</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="244"><div> Insulated steel conduit</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 6.625(168)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id179.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ5202"><U>CAJ 5202</U></A>*</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="244"><div> Insulated copper pipe</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 6.625(168)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id122.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ5200"><U>CAJ  5200</U></A>*</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 3</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 23 WIDTH="244"><div> Moving  pipe & boot**</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 20(508)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id568.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1086"><U>CAJ1086</U></A><A HREF="id568.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1086"><U>*</U></A><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >++</FONT></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 1</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="244"><div> Steel pipe</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 6.625(168)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id182.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CBJ1010"><U>CBJ 1010</U></A></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 1</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="244"><div> Steel pipe RETROFIT***</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 24(610)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id361.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1504"><U>CAJ 1504</U></A></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 0.75</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 23 WIDTH="244"><div> Steel pipe RETROFIT***</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 6.625(168)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id378.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1434"><U>CAJ 1434</U></A>*<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >+</FONT></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 2</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 23 ><NOBR><div> Steel conduit RETROFIT***</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 6.625(168)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id378.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1434"><U>CAJ 1434</U></A>*<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >+</FONT></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 2</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 23 ><NOBR><div> Copper pipe RETROFIT***</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 6.625(168)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id378.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1434"><U>CAJ 1434</U></A>*<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >+</FONT></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 1</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 23 ><NOBR><div> Copper pipe RETROFIT***</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 2.375(60)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id378.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1434"><U>CAJ 1434</U></A>*<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >+</FONT></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 2</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="663" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 23 ><NOBR><div> Copper tubing RETROFIT***</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="126"><div> 2.125(54)</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="145"><div> <A HREF="id378.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CAJ1434"><U>CAJ 1434</U></A>*<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >+</FONT></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="53"><div> 3</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="65"><div> 2</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <B> </B><B>+</B><B> </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  <B>in ISO: I (integrity),</B>   </FONT><B>++</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> in ISO: R (resistance)</B></FONT></div> <div> *   Witnessed by Factory Mutual, approval reports in preparation</div> <div> *<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >+</FONT> Factory Mutual Design No. 442 (3 hours)</div> <div> *<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >++</FONT>Factory Mutual Design No. 125(3 hours)</div> <div> ** Without E473, with ceramic fabric, pasted with thin layer of Flammadur E424   </div> <div> *** With external E473 </div> <bR> <div> <B>Fire Protection of Cables between Walls and Between Floor</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>A.  In Small Fires</B></div> <bR> <div> In order <B>to extend the effective T rating for cables</B> emerging from fire rated walls or floors, the cables can be covered with a <B>heat absorbing</B> protective fire retardant, thereby, extending the time window for reaching and extinguishing fire on cables on the off-fire side.<B> </B></div> <bR> <div> To obtain a high T ratings, Flammadur cable systems often use a thin (3mm dry) layer of Flammadur <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT>E424 heat absorbing (ablating) fire retarding coating within 15 inches (381 mm) of a wall or floor. When used in combination with heat absorbing Flammadur<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT> E473 mortar inside the penetration, this keeps the cables cool for up to  3 hours (T=3 hour), depending upon the particular type of cable tested. Applying E424 over additional lengths will further extend the T rating.  E424 was exposed to 200 million rads of gamma radiation, equivalent to an average exposure in a NPP over 40 years, with subsequent fire exposure (vertical burn test) at Factory Mutual. Test results were identical to those obtained on material that was not subjected to gamma radiation.</div> <bR> <div> At distances further from the wall or floor, cables are protected <B>from fire and from igniting the cables</B> <B>and propagating flames along the cables</B>, by using cables with fire retardant jacket and insulation. Fire retardant insulation and jackets are available with cables qualified according to test on a vertical tray gas burner, based on modified IEEE 383 [accepted by NELPIA(ANI) and by Insulated Cable Engineering Association (ICEA T-29-520) for NPP with upgraded heat input of 63 kW (210,000 BTU/hour), exposed for 20 minutes.]  </div> <bR> <div> Additional fire protection can be obtained by coating cables with 1.6 mm (dry) layer of <B>Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>A77.  This intumescent and fire retarding cable coating </B>expands up to 50 times upon exposure to fire, preventing heat and flames from reaching the cables, and is also a fire retardant.  A77 was fire tested on a vertical tray at Factory Mutual Insurance Corporation (FM Global), and also for aging, ampacity derating, etc. When a short circuit occurs in electric cable, A77 expands with visible char in the location of the short circuit. <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>Numerous other coats were also tested and approved by Factory Mutual for fire protection for grouped electric cables. A77 was also exposed to 200 million rads of gamma radiation and then was exposed to vertical burn test at Factory Mutual yielding results identical to tests results using unexposed samples. Flammadur A77 can be used to protect cables from fires, started with the ignition of dust that has settled on the cables and propagated along the cables by the combustion of the dust.</div> <bR> <div> For cable trays extending over long distances in a large space, one can also use additional <B>Cable Tray Fire Breaks </B>to stop a fire from propagating along the cables.  Each fire break consists of a block of Flammadur<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT> E473 mortar extending 8 inches (203 mm) along the cable tray and covering the cables up to the top of the tray. The distance between fire breaks should not exceed 20 feet (6.1 m) for horizontal trays and 15 feet (4.6 m) for vertical configurations.</div> <bR> <div> <B>B. Two Hour Systems  for </B><B>Fire Protection of Energized Cables- In</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>  Large Fires</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>   </B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <div> There is a need to fireproof control and power cables which  carry an electric current. Simple insulation may not be sufficient, because at normal operating conditions the generated heat will not dissipate, increasing the ampacity derating. One such need is to protect the control cables that carry the signal to shut down the reactor in a fire in a nuclear power plant through possible fire areas. Currently, fire resistant cables are made for emergency power to fire pumps, fire alarm systems, etc.  Such fire resistive cables are tested in a furnace, reaching in 2 hours temperature of 1010 o C .  Such tests are performed by Underwriters Laboratories in USA, under UL 2196 “Tests for Fire Resistive Cables”, based on ANSI / NFPA 70”.  Cables are energized with AC voltage and small currents of 0.25 to 0.5A, tested in a furnace for up to 2 hours, during which circuit integrity of the cables is demonstrated by illumination of lamp assembly. For example for cables which passed such tests: one cable type was insulated with compressed MgO powder, with solid copper   conductors , made in UK by AEI Cables Limited, division of TT Electronics,  another example is cable   Lifeline, made  by Draka (<A HREF="http://www.draka.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.draka.com"><U>www.draka.com</U></A>), with insulation made from ceramified silicone rubber .</div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="c__three_hour_fire_barrier_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>C. </B><A HREF="id1312.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Three Hour Fire Barrier Systems by Kaefe"><U><B>Three Hour Fire Barrier  Kaefer/Flammadur Wrap System</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div> Three hour systems for wrapping of electrical cables inside cable trays and in conduits.  The System consist of 4 layer of Fire Barrier Blanket plus 1 layer of Fire Barrier Foils. Fire and hose stream tested and classified by Underwriters Laboratories(UL) inplacecountry-region USA for 3 hour rating according to American Standard for safety, ASTM E 1725-95, "Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Fire-Resistive Barrier Systemsfor Electrical System Components.", as well by ASTME 119, - as used in UL 263 (Described in UL Fire Resistant Directory).</div> <bR> <div> <B>D. Redundant Train of Cables</B></div> <bR> <div> For added fire safety in a NPP, an extra <B>redundant train of control cables </B>should be used in order for control room personnel to facilitate a safe shutdown of the plant.  Only one set of redundant cables should be allowed to pass through each fire area. </div> <bR> <div>  For maximum fire protection, these redundant control/power cables in a cable tray should utilize</div> <bR> <div> <B>Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT><B> E473 in all penetrations using systems with F and T ratiings </B><B>3 hours.</B></div> <div> <B>Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT><B> E424 cable coating in the near vicinity of fire barriers. Fire Proof Electric Cables tested to UL 2196 for passing current for 2 hours in a standard fire</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Retrofitting Non Performing Seals inside Penetrations without their Removal * (patent pending)</B></div> <bR> <div> Over several decades, certain penetration seals have failed in nuclear power plants in the United States.  In some cases the seal material shrank, in some it deteriorated, and in a few cases the materials even became combustible.   In addition to the cost of removing the old seals, the possibility of accidentally cutting the cables in the process of removing the old non-performing seals and replacing with new ones is a concern.  Moreover, the old seals may have become slightly radioactive, thereby complicating their removal and storage.</div> <div> A new method of retrofitting these suspect seals (UL tested, certified and Factory Mutual Approved Systems<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT>and<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><U>patent pending</U>) involves the installation of Flammadur<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT> E473 cementitious material on the outside of walls and floors around the existing penetrants (cable trays, cables, metallic pipes, etc.).  The liquid E473 is poured between pipes, conduits, cables trays and an outside steel sleeve, thereby completely encapsulating the existing seal. It expands slightly on curing, making a tight fit, so that in case of a fire, this external seal will prevent the passage of flames, smoke or toxic fumes through the <U>penetrations</U>.</div> <bR> <div> * See “New Method of Using Flammadur E473 as an External Seal  for Retrofitting with old Penetration Seals and for Openings with too Small Annular Spaces” FPT report, also can be seen on website: <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.flammadur.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.flammadur.com"><U><U>www.flammadur.com</U></U></A></FONT> (go to Penetrations, then to E473, then to pipes, cables etc. under “external”).</div> <bR> <div> Tests of this new concept were conducted at Underwriters Laboratories, Inc,  certified by UL, witnessed and also approved by Factory Mutual Insurance Corporation (FM Global Technologies), with resulting F=3 hours rating for all cables and pipes tested.  For power/control cables inside of cable trays, results gave T=3 hours (see Table A), and for single copper conductor power cable in a cable tray, T=1 hour (see Table 2).  For steel pipes and conduits, the tests results gave T=2 hours and for copper pipes T=1 hour (see Table C).</div> <bR> <div> <B>IV.    Resistance of Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT><B> E473 to High Pressure Water</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>  </B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> E473 was tested to simulate water pressure from floods, broken water pipes, tornados, etc. and withstood water pressure of 3 atm (45 psi) for 24 hours and 11 atm (15 psi) for 48 hours.  For shorter times it passed hose stream tests at UL<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT>, for 30 psi (2 atm).  </div> <bR> <div> According to IEEE 643 (accepted by NRC), after an exposure in a standard furnace for 2 hours (required only 1 hour) E473 seal passed a hose stream test with pressure of 75 psi (4 atm) for 5 minutes , conducted in Omega Point Laboratories.</div> <div> For higher water pressures such as may be associated with broken steam pipes within the containment area near the reactor, E473 can be covered with a 10 mm layer of <B>Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>E292</B>, a fire and water resistant polyurethane resin. This material is also resistant to gamma radiation.  In water cooled reactors, the steam contains radioactive isotopes with radiation coming mostly from cesium-137 isotope. In the event of a broken steam pipe, tests on E292 verified that it was easily decontaminated after exposure to Cs-137. </div> <bR> <div> E473 has high shearing strength to steel, and <B>steel sleeves</B> should be used whenever possible, particularly around cable trays and pipes, and also to protect fire seal from collapsing pieces of concrete inside walls or floors.</div> <bR> <div> <B>V. Fireproofing of Construction Joints</B></div> <bR> <div> Concrete blocks with gaps between them must be sealed against passage of fire, smoke, fumes and water from fire hoses.  <B>Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT><B> A107</B>, elastomeric fire retarding caulk has been tested and certified by Underwriters Laboratories in USA for 2 inch  (50 mm) joint width with 3 hour ratings, for gaps in walls (system No. WWS-0026), floors (FFS0019), floor- to wall (curtain wall) FWS0002. Tests were witnessed and approved by Factory Mutual Insurance, Design No. 126 for gaps in floors. As an example, this system was installed recently in a nuclear power plant inQinshan, China. A107 has been exposed to 200 million rads without any visible changes.</div> <bR> <div> <B>VI. Use of Flammadur</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" ><B>â</B></FONT><B> E473 for Providing Areas in the Fire Barrier for Future Cable, Cable Trays, Metallic Pipes, etc.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>During construction, access can be provided for the future installation </B>of additional cables, cables in a cable trays, and/or metallic pipes, etc., by using Flammadur<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Symbol" >â</FONT><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT>E473 in parts of the fire barriers. <B>When needed, the E473 can be easily removed (drilled out) and the new penetrants can be inserted and any opening in the E473 can be filled to the original depth of the fire barrier with properly mixed E473. </B>The initial installation of the E473 must be in accordance with the UL<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >®</FONT> certified systems for blank openings: C-AJ-0109 with ratings F=3 hours and T=1.5 hours, C-BJ-0029 with ratings F=4 hours, T= 4 hours, or a new system for a large opening with F=T=4 hours (in process). <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>Systems for blank openings</B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>must provide F and T ratings equal to or greater than the fire barrier in which it is installed. These systems, using E473, permit the inclusion of steel sleeves for structural strength. </div> <bR> <div> Copyright © 2008 Fire Protection Technologies, Inc.  All rights reserved</div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>